Catholic Reformation vs Counter Reformation

• Catholic Reformation: looking inward and fixing Catholicism
• Council of Trent - trying to fix some of the issues that started the Reformation in the first place
1. Fixed marriages 
2. Encouraged public preaching to educate Catholics
3. Encouraged education for preachers and all Catholics
4. Wanted to reconcile with the Protestants
• Religious orders were reformed - increased moral and intellectual education for clergymen 
• Ursuline Order of Nuns - focused on educating women 
• Some radical members of these orders became part of the counter reformation

• Counter Reformation: looking outward and stopping Protestantism 
• Jesuits - Radical Counter reformationists who waged a religious war against Protestants 
• Society of Jesus 

• Went around to several countries and tried to convert people 
• Usually got kicked out because they wanted the people of that country to follow the 
• Pope, not the Monarchy
• France
• Monarchy was week 
• Divided because of religion
• This allowed nobility to use Calvinism as a "cloak of independence" --- they didn't have to answer to the crown or the Pope. 
• Caused war between the Catholic loyalists and the Calvinist nobility
• Weakened the Monarchy further
• Huguenots: French Protestants 
• Fought with Catholics a lot
• Calvinist teaching called out Catholic beliefs about sacred images
• Made Catholics really angry -- this type of preaching led to St. Bart's Massacre
• St Bart's Massacre
• Happened at a wedding in Paris (Marriage of a Protestant and Catholic Royalty) 
• Huguenot wedding guests were killed and other Protestants were killed by Catholic mobs
• Led to civil war that destroyed many parts of Spain
• Ended with Politiques: people who wanted to strengthen the Monarchy
• Henry of Navarre converted to Catholicism 
• Issued Edict of Nantes: Let people worship in 150 towns 

• Netherlands 
• Fighting between the Catholics and the Protestants 
• Led by Charles V
• He grew up in the Netherlands and was able to keep Protestants away 
• When his son Philip II took over Protestant Ideas spread 
• Mostly Calvinist
• Civil war started
• North became independent and Protestant: Union of Utrecht
• South stayed Catholic