1.) 3 Kings Who are they and why do they matter?

• a.) Louis XVIII
• fat and old / He was Napoleon's successor 
• The Quadruple Alliance chose Louis because WHY ERIN? Because he was A LEGITIMATE RULER! (Bourbon dynasty)
• Is he a revolutionary? NO because he continues the constitutional monarchy 
• Louis XVIII's Constitutional Charter of 1814:
• Liberal constitution
• How was it liberal???? Social gains made by middle class in French Revolution were protected, intellectual/artistic freedom was permitted / parliament with UPPER AND LOWER HOUSES CREATED WHOOP WHOOP
• b.) Charles X
• He reigns because Louis died 
• 
• His reign ==> 1824-1830 
• He was a reactionary --> step further than conservatism 
• Charles X wanted to return to pre-1789 ideologies/government #BRINGBACKABSOLUTISM1824 
• Charles HATES CHANGE 
• Revolution 1830: Charles wants to bolster French nationalism/gain popular support of the French people through acquiring Muslim Algeria
• WHY DOES THIS BOLSTER NATIONALISM? BECAUSE IT IS A PERFECT EXAMPLE OF "WE VS. THEY" 
• The conquest of Algeria marked the rebirth of French colonial expansion 
• HOW COULD THIS POSSIBLY GO WRONG?!?!??!!!??!?!
• well Charles X messes everything up when he repudiates the Constitutional Charter in an attempted coup in July 1830 
• 
• "I'm going to be super conservative and rid of this liberal charter" - Lily imitating Charles #accurate 
• RESULTS: Charles flees and PHILIPPE SLIDES INTO FRANCE'S DM'S
• 
• c.) Louis Philippe 
• accepted Louis XVIII's Constitutional Charter 
• adopted the French Flag RED WHITE BLUE! 
• "King of the French People" 
• Casimir Perier "The Trouble with this country is that there are too many people like you who IMAGINE that there has been a revolution in France" 
• WHAT DOES THAT EVEN MEAN?
• 
• Critical of people complaining about the government 
• he said this to a DEPUTY complaining about the small extension of voting rights for people in France 
• Perier basically tells this guy to chill because aristocracy will always rule and people are IMAGINING THESE REVOLUTIONS but no huge change in government reforms occurs 

2.) 1848: Year of Losses/Ls - basically 2016 

A.) What did we replace our Pear shaped guy with?

• After Louis Philippe abdicated in favor of his grandson --> The common people REFUSED TO HAVE ANOTHER MONARCH 
• instead - they replaced hi with a provisional republic - headed by a ten man executive committee 
• Thus forming the SECOND REPUBLIC OF FRANCE WITH THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

B.) What up with "Paris Gone Wild" and Why did the Revolution of 1848 Fail?

• WELL FIRST OF ALL ITS DOMINATED BY RADICAL SOCIALISTS 
• Philippe's "Bourgeois monarchy" had been characterized by stubborn inaction and complacency 
• His government's refusal to consider REFORM caused a sense of class INJUSTICE among middle class
• but now Philippe is out and Constituent Assembly is in and they want a REPUBLIC 
• Louis Blanc - represented the socialist RIGHT TO WORK 
• He wanted permanent government sponsored cooperative workshops to be established for workers 
• Moderate republicans were like HAAAAAA NO. but compromise:  form national workshops
• Revolution failed because the aristocrats and peasants TEAMED UP AGAINST THE SOCIALISTS to stop the radical reforms
• powerful = aristocrats
• popular = socialists  

(Losers = socialists) 

3.) Austria 

• The Revolution of Austrian Empire began in Hungary 
• Hungarian Magyars wanted the Empire to DIE 
• instead they wanted liberal constitutional reforms!
• Hungarians demanded national autonomy, full civil liberties, and universal suffrage from Ferdinand I of Habsburg Fam
•  Ferdinand I promised liberal reform - but we can't always keep our promises can we FERDINAND??!?!??!
• Why did this fail?
• Finally the conservative aristocratic forces gathered around Emperor Ferdinand I regained their nerve AND REASSERTED STRENGTH
• Archduchess Sophia = conservative -->  insisted that Ferdinand abdicate in favor of HER SON, FRANCIS JOSEPH 
• church agreed/nobles agreed --> organized a secret conspiracy to reverse and CRUSH THE REVOLUTION
• Francis Joseph crowned emperor of Austria in 1848 
• but OH NO Nicholas I of Russia led Russian troops into Hungary and subdued the country after fighting --> Habsburg fam ruled Hungary as a conquered territory 

UGH THAT IS SO MUCH INFO IM SORRY GOOD LUCK STUDYING FAM