REMEMBER When we had that pop quiz??

and apparently there were right and wrong answers...

Well let's address why the countries were or were not liberal, socialist, and nationalistic

• In class we mainly focused on nationalism

Who were the only REAL nationalists and why

• France → it was only actual nation (unified under one ruler with one language, etc.)

Didn't we ALSO say Germany exhibited nationalism??

• Germany →Since it was inspired by Italian efforts to unite and created customs union (Zollverein) that somewhat united them

This begs a larger question: Why were Italy and Germany so slow to unify??

• Both:



What the city-states thought of each other

• They were a conglomeration of a bunch of small city-states
• Why Italy in particular:
• Renaissance promoted city-state rivalries
• Each city-state had a level of nationalism in its own areas, NOT as a Nation of Italy
• Prioritized personal goals 
• Church → "thorn in side of Italy unification,"
• Believed that pope shouldn’t have a king

Now that Italy and Germany are finally seeing the light of nationalism...

...HOW do they do it, what's the key to nationalism, it's secret ingredient one may say

• Common goal (common enemy)

The Secret Formula for Nationalism was a COMMON ENEMY

What made nationalism appealing??

• Nationalism wears many masks which means that it is adaptable to each country cuz it supports the ideals of the country
  • Not dull tool; it can effect anything that you want as long as it's country first

Math

JKJKJKJKJKJK let's go back to France

Why did Napoleon III (Napoleon cubed) get power weren't people afraid after Napoleon I?

• They were more afraid of socialism and were tired of revolution
• They wanted a strong ruler to combat both

Why was Napoleon III special

• He wore many masks → Acted socialist, liberal, national, imperial
• Supported whatever people wanted
• “A strong leader serves all people”
• “Public opinion wins the final victory”
• How does this connect to mass politics?
• Because he used popular opinion to do stuff

Politics are the people

SO as we ask for everyone that shares the same name: Was Napoleon cubed an improvement over Napoleon I?

Napoleon III being better than Napoleon I

• Sure
• Napoleon III → More open to people → improved economy, more jobs
• Cool with reducing political tensions
• Created credible public banks (Credit Mobilier) → helped poor people
• Napoleon I
• Okay with tensions 
• Started wars with everyone (we are pretending Napoleon III didn't start wars because we haven't read that far yet)
• Didn’t care about people because he came back for his own power rather than for France

What event happened between the Napoleons 1 and 3

• Industrial Revolution → Napoleon III was dealing with a new class created and people were more vocal

Once again:

Back to Italy

4 important people from Italy (the political powers)

• Mazzini
• Garibaldi
• Cavour
• Victor Emmanuel

Are any of them similar to Metternich (the Austrian Conservative dude)

• Nope:
• Mazzini → radical democratic republican
• Garibaldi→ radical nationalist
• Cavour and Emmanuel → pretty liberal with constitution (but they did like stability under monarchy)
• Metternich might not have thought that these rulers were legitimate