But they are. Because most religious wars that were taking place at this time were caused by countries such as France and Spain coveting fragmented lands such as Italy = "overseas expansion"
we also established that Yarn hates the french and that's why he didn't allow Maeve to eat her croissant in class but allows "cheerios" which are *cough* English *cough* #subtle!
ANWAY in 1559 France and Span signed Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis --> ended the Habsburg(Spain)-Valois (french)Wars
- Spain won --> Spain gained "overseas expansion" of ITALY
- "so wait Brielle why is this war involved in this chapter if its not religious?" you're. right. it doesn't. But there serious similarities between Germany and Italy - both were fragmented lands at this time and monarchies wanted to overpower the weak territories
ORIGINS OF DIFFICULTIES IN FRANCE:
- To pay for the Habsburg-Valois wars, Francis I tried two new devices to raise revenue: the sale of public offices and a treaty with the papacy
- ALSO there was the Concordat of Bologna - Francis agreed to recognize supremacy of the papacy as a universal council (Side not with the Conciliar Movement if you need the reference)
§ Conciliar movement no good in France
The Conciliar Movement was a Christian reform movement in the 14th and 15th centuries in the Roman Catholic Church which held that final authority in spiritual matters resided with the Church as a corporation of Christians, embodied by a general church council, not with the Pope.- in return - French crown gained the right to appoint all French bishops
this gave the monarchy a LOT OF REVENUE AND POWER OVER THE CHURCH (which Francis needed money for standing army) - Problem was that Francis chose rich people not people that would best serve church or loyal people
- established France as CATHOLIC NATION!
but this imbalance and corruption that the agreement caused --> made Calvinism appealing to nobles
- Calvinism drew converts from among reform-minded members of the Catholic clergy - the industrious middle classes and artisan groups // those who desired change went to Calvin
Religious Riots and Civil War in France:
So why was France so messed up??? THE FEEBLENESS OF THE FRENCH MONARCHY WAS THE SED FROM WHICH THE WEEDS OF CIVIL VIOLENCE SPRANG!
- weak sons of Henry II could not provide strong/necessary leadership
- Catherine de' Medici --> wanted civil and religious peace so if her sons controlled the gov - her actions were for POLITICAL MOTIVES
- French nobility took advantage of the monarchial weakness!!!!
- Religious Pluralism remember that??!!! (when there are more than one religion being practiced in a country) WELL countries AKA FRANCE at this time wanted one national religion in order to exert more power, take control of then papacy and get more revenue. SOOO there was little to no religious toleration out of fear of a religious rebellion that would overthrow the monarchy.
- 40-50% population converted to Calvinism
- night before a wedding for French Calvinist (Huguenot) - leader of Catholic aristocracy, Henry of Guise, had him attacked --> SLAUGHTER FOLLOWED
- Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre --> led to CIVIL RELIGIOUS WAR IN FRANCE
Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre led to War of
the Three Henrys – civil conflict among factions led by Cath Henry of Guise,
Protestant Henry of Navarre, and King Henry III – who succeeded tubercular
Charles IX..... Guise wanted “Holy League” not only to destroy
Calvinism but also replace Henry III with member of Guise fam!!!!!
o
Death of
Cath de Medici / assassination of Guise
and Henry III à
paved way for accession of Henry of Navarre à Henry IV
- so because he won and therefore GOT CONTROL OF FRANCE HE GAVE UP PROTESTANTISM AND CONVERTED TO CATHOLICISM!
Edict of Nantes à 1598 granted to Huguenots liberty of
conscience and liberty of public worship in 150 fortified towns - this was a step towards internal peace which was necessary after years of domestic tension/violence
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