Class 10/19

• Russia and the Mongols
• Mongols conquered a lot at this time
• The mongols connect what happened before with what happened after
• What was true in Russia before they got there and what is true after the mongols got there
• What is significant about what the Mongols did
• Good at serving the Khan which was helpful later on
• Previous to the Mongols the Kiev was the most important city in the area (late middle ages)
• Mongols approach and take over everything - either join and pay taxes or we’ll do bad things
• Kiev didn’t agree so the Mongols destroy Kiev and burn it to the ground
• Moscow rose after Kiev’s destruction
• Golden Horde is the Mongol Yoke
• Why is Moscow important?
• They were the city that cooperated and paid taxes to the mongols
• Ivan III is the Prince of Moscow and he is fed up with paying the Mongols and declared Moscow’s autonomy
• The boyars helped the Muscovite princes consolidate their power
• The third Rome
• First rome is Rome
• Second rome is Constantinople
• Third Rome is Moscow
• The connection between the byzantine empire and Moscow was the marriage of Ivan the great and the daughter of the last Empire
• He became more powerful because he combined with the empire
• 3 pillars of russian absolutism
• Orthodoxy
• Autocracy
• Nationalism
• After Ivan the Terrible killed his son there was a bad period in Russia called the Time of Troubles
• Austria
• The Hapsburgs are in charge
• They have Hungary, Bohemia, and Austria
• This hurts their absolutism
• Hungary was never fully in with the country and for absolutism to work everyone needs to cooperate
• The biggest issue for the Austrian Empire
• Subject nationalities- their subjects were of many nationalities
• Return of Serfdom in the east
• Difference between the serfs and peasants
• Serf is an agricultural worker and is tied to the land
• He has to protect his land
• Serf is different from a slave
• Hereditary subjugation
• Serfs were apart of this → they’re born a serf they stay a serf