english civil war

Good Morning Euro Friends,
Let's talk about the English civil war.

Its causes were mainly political, but there were "religious undertones and piggly wiggly stuff" (Mr. Yarnall). I will leave this for your homework bullet points.

Religion was the piggly wiggly in the backseat that got everyone's attention but wasn't important enough anymore to be in the front seat

First feel free to warm up your brain by reading Rousseau or debating if a wrong interpretation can exist.

• Note Chronology of these thinkers:
• Locke (1632-1704) & Hobbes (1588-1679) lived through civil war, descendants of it
• Rousseau (1712-1788) didn't live through civil war, maybe more of a precursor to democracy than any of the -isms
• People were dissatisfied with the church of England, dominant religious group during this time was the Calvinists, the zealous among whom were puritans.
• Remember how Capitalism and Protestant tie together, the "Protestant work ethic" on which the lovely US was built.

protestant work ethic: work and pray and say no to everything else

• Queen Elizabeth was fabulous and had everything together. Her success was largely due to her political shrewdness and flexibly, careful management of finances, wise selection of ministers & clever manipulation of parliament as well as her sense of royal dignity/devotion to her work.

• James I, king of Scotland  was Elizabeth's cousin and when she died he inherited control of England and Ireland. Under him, England (moderate Protestants), Ireland (Catholic) and Scotland (Calvinist) were united.
• James believed in the divine right of kings,  he did not want to argue with parliament. He was lenient towards catholics. He tried to collect taxes (like ship money) but wasn't supposed to do so without parliament's consent (taxation without consent=despotism).
• He implied that he had total royal jurisdiction over everything: liberties, persons, & properties...thus infuriating the house of Commons--which wanted sovereignty 
• 1611 suspended Parliament

Parliament and the King and their Useless fighting

• Charles I: was James' son, he was not trusted and very arrogant, believed in the divine right of kings and dismissed parliament. He was also tolerant of Catholics (married a Catholic princess), and people thought he would try to make England catholic again.
• He quarreled with parliament and ruled using the Court of Star Chamber, collecting money from those who were examined by it.
• Charles clashed with the Scots and ordered them to use an English prayer book that was too catholic for them.
• In 1640 he recalled parliament for money after his failed attempts to crush the scots. 
• 1642 Long Parliament passed a set of demands called 19 Promises which emphasized that parliament needed more power & the king less. 
• instigated military action against parliament, but his army of rural gentry was interior to the parliamentary army of militiamen with a purpose.

LIKE FATHER, LIKE SON:

• Both James and Charles were tolerant of Catholicism, they supported archbishop Laud who tried to add all the Roman Catholic fluff back into the church.
•  ***note that James & Charles went against what Rousseau was saying about the social contract. They didn't maintain the freedom their subjects gave up in the social contract. Rather, they abused their freedom, which is why a Puritanical rule came to follow
• Long Parliament: 1640-60 legislation that limited power of monarch, 1641 Triennial act to summon parliament every 3 years

triwizard tournament=triennial act

 -Famous Walter to know:  Walter Raleigh, he founded the Roanoke colony

-Cavaliers & Roundheads:

 Cavaliers believed in the divine right of kings, agreed that Charles had the right to take annoying taxes like ship money, agreed with Laud’s reforms.

Roundheads believed Parliament should govern England, no taxation without representation, all for Puritan reforms and no loyalty to the king.

-Pride’s Purge (1648): troops under the command of Colonel Pride forcibly removed 140 members of the Long Parliament who weren’t supporters of the New Model army/beheading of Charles. *only military coup in English history*

-Rump Parliament: following the purge, there were only 200 members left, and they voted for the trial which led to Charles’s execution

-Two Houses of Parliament: House of Commons and House of Lords; members of parliament are creatively referred to as MP’s. (Remember the main power of parliament was the power of the purse)

-Order of Kings: James I, Charles I, Interregnum, Charles II, James II, Glorious Revolution

when Cromwell said no to everything

• INTERREGNUM: in-between the kings, commonwealth established when Charles beheaded by parliament. It was a military dictatorship "Protectorate" led by Cromwell. England was divided into 12 military districts, England crushed the Irish rebellion, censored the press, forbade sports, and kept theaters closed in Ireland.
• mercantilist attitude, navigation act (English goods must be transported on English ships)
• (tbt to APUSH)
• the military rule collapsed when Cromwell died in 1658

when the military rule collapsed and when I finished this post