Enlightenment? Enlighten me

• Let's shed some LIGHT on the Enlightenment

• But First! Time for a Blast from the Past

REMEMBER POLITIQUES??

It's okay neither do I

• Quick Recap: Politques were moderates that ended the War fo 3 Henry's by putting state over religion - a famous one was HENRY IV

So now the big question...

• Are philosophes and politiques the same???
• No - but they're SIMILAR
• They both want to protect France and maintain the monarchy & both called RADICAL by their contemporaries

What people contemporaries thought of philosophes & politiques

It's just the HOW that's different:

• 1) Politiques - save France w/ ABSOLUTE monarchy w/ all power in king
• Culturally = Tunnel vision into politics and government

• 2) Philosophes - save France w/ CONSTITUTIONAL monarchy that put more power in parliament and gave monarch residual (leftover) power.

• Culturally = Intellectual group with more broad vision of life

• Now Second! "ARE YOU HAPPY??"

How rich ppl felt during Enlightenment

"Actually I kinda am" -The Rich

• SO were people of Enlightenment pessimistic????
• WELL HOW MUCH MONEY DO YOU HAVE???

• If You Got $$$ - You're part of the PUBLIC
• Enlightened people are upset about your current ignorance BUT have hope you to get smarter & independent

• IF You Broke - You’re a HOI POLLOI (part of the PEOPLE)

• Enlightened people have no hope because you can’t look past your poorness and survival (don't have time to fit into the new world-view)

• Thirdly! What did these PHILOSOPHES promote???

Their views on GOVERNMENT:

• Montesquieu
• Tried finding out how state could promote liberty
• Wanted balance of power between parliament (rich) and king (king wouldn't have too much control)

Balancing vegetables like Montesquieu's gov would balance power

• BUT how is this different from Locke's views (remember him?) ?????

• THEY WERE BOTH INTO LIBERTY

Difference is in HOW they wanted government to protect liberties

• Locke thought liberty could be protected under monarchy as long as people could revolt when government failed to do its job.

• Montesquieu thought monarch couldn’t be trusted to have power alone so wanted it shared w/ electorate → constitutional monarchy

• But constitutional sounds like republic

IS THERE A DIFFERENCE????

• how is it not a republic?

• Constitutional Monarch - Monarch not elected
• Republic - all people in government are elected.

Their (philosophes') view of GOD

• Voltaire
• God = Distant creator
• Earth like clock put in motion by God, and then let go without interference

• Now remember wayyyy back to Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God by Edwards (Puritan)

Is this Voltaire's God?

• No
• Edwards says God saves followers
• Voltaire says God is not present since universe runs like a machine

Edwards dealing with Voltaire's perception of God